Novel helicopter

ABSTRACT

This invention discloses a helicopter that can directly propel rotors into the hovering state with drive, comprising a fuselage ( 13 ), a rotor ( 5 ) with a pull rod and jackstay ( 2 ), a turbine ( 1 ), a pair of wings ( 14 ), a hollow short shaft ( 37 ), a hollow short dead axle ( 36 ) with a bearing and a base ( 7 ), a plurality of throttle lines ( 35 ), a plurality of wires ( 34 ), a fuel delivery pipe ( 30 ), a hydraulic system, a axle sleeve ( 4 ) and a root axle ( 3 ), wherein the centrifugal-force-resistant turbine ( 1 ) directly drives the two-symmetrical-blade rotor ( 5 ), the turbine ( 1 ) is installed on the hollow short shaft ( 37 ), the hollow short shaft ( 37 ) is installed inside the hollow short dead axle ( 36 ), the hollow short dead axle ( 36 ) is fixed beside a root of the rotor ( 5 ), the hydraulic system controls a propelling direction of the turbine, the throttle lines ( 35 ), the wires ( 34 ) and the fuel delivery pipe ( 30 ) pass through the hollow short shaft ( 37 ) and are received in a crossbeam of the rotor, the axle sleeve ( 4 ) of the rotor is installed on the hollow dead axle ( 36 ), and hinged with the root axle ( 3 ) and the pull rod and jackstay ( 2 ), the base ( 7 ) is fixed on the back of a gravity center of the fuselage ( 13 ), pipelines are led to a underneath of the base and connected with a control system, and steering, outward pushing, positioning and propelling control is provided by a drive under the wings ( 14 ) or the fuselage ( 13 ).

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of International Patent Application No. PCT/CN2007/000582, with an international filing date of Feb. 16, 2007, designating the United States, now pending, which is based on Chinese Patent Application No. 200610072962.3 filed on Apr. 7, 2006 and Chinese Patent Application No. 200610168131.6 filed on Dec. 18, 2006. The contents of these specifications are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to fields of turbine, internal combustion engine and aircraft, and more particularly to a helicopter.

2. Description of the Related Art

A U.S. Pat. No. 5,454,530 discloses a kind of helicopter which is of the functions of vertical take-off and landing as well as changing the rotor wing into the hovering state and adopting turbofan engine of low bypass ratio as the drive, propelling the rotors to rotate and the aircraft to fly with pressure hot airflow blown out. There are two pipes at jet nozzle of the turbine, one of which is made a turn to flat passages inside two rotors through hollow shaft and another turn to rotor tips, and then blows out transversely, and the other of which is directly led to tail vector or multidirectional nozzle, realizing steering and attitude control. When the aircraft reaches a certain height and speed, pressure hot airflow to the rotors will be obstructed and led to jet backward. And hovering wing fly will start when the rotors are rotating at a very low speed. The helicopter made pubic by the US patent document can also be equipped with two drive devices respectively at the roots of two rotors. The lift force is provided by leading the airflow generated by drive devices to blow out transversely after the airflow makes a turn to flat passages inside rotors, and another turn to rotor tips, whose disadvantages are: only turbofan engine of low bypass ratio can be adopted; pressure hot airflow losses heat, flow loss of airflow happens at corner, and the fuselage has aerodynamic drag on rotors, therefore there are about 30% thrust loss in total; due to the high temperature of more than 100° C., diameter of rotor is decreased to guarantee the reliability, which results in problems like rotor area load and high access fee. The greatest disadvantage of the helicopter made public by the US patent document whose application number is U.S. Pat. No. 5,454,530 is that propeller-fan or fan turbine and internal combustion engine are not accepted as drive.

Another U.S. Pat. No. 6,513,464 also discloses a kind of two-stroke internal combustion engine suitable to be installed on the rotor, and kept a certain distance from the roots. It can directly propel the rotors to rotate, and its advantages are that stratified lean combustion and low discharge can be realized, while the disadvantages are the low power-to-weight ratio and complex structure.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of above-mentioned reasons, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of helicopter adopting two-stroke internal combustion engine, which is equipped with centrifugal-force-resistant propeller-fan or fan turbine or can rotate clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW), as drive to directly propel the rotors and realize fly with rotor wing run into the state of hovering.

Another purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of helicopter which realizes the reduction of emission by improved ventilation and scavenging-air system, aerodynamic loss and access fee and possesses the function of rotor wing changing into the hovering state.

To achieve the above objectives, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, provided is a helicopter that can directly propel rotors into the hovering state with drive, comprising a fuselage (13), a rotor (5) with a pull rod and jackstay (2), a turbine (1), a pair of wings (14), a hollow short shaft (37), a hollow short dead axle (36) with a bearing and a base (7), a plurality of throttle lines (35), a plurality of wires (34), a fuel delivery pipe (30), a hydraulic system, a axle sleeve (4) and a root axle (3), wherein the centrifugal-force-resistant turbine (1) directly drives the two-symmetrical-blade rotor (5), the turbine (1) is installed on the hollow short shaft (37), the hollow short shaft (37) is installed inside the hollow short dead axle (36), the hollow short dead axle (36) is fixed beside a root of the rotor (5), the hydraulic system controls a propelling direction of the turbine, the throttle lines (35), the wires (34) and the fuel delivery pipe (30) pass through the hollow short shaft (37) and are received in a crossbeam of the rotor, the axle sleeve (4) of the rotor is installed on the hollow dead axle (36), and hinged with the root axle (3) and the pull rod and jackstay (2), the base (7) is fixed on the back of a gravity center of the fuselage (13), pipelines are led to a underneath of the base and connected with a control system, and steering, outward pushing, positioning and propelling control is provided by a drive under the wings (14) or the fuselage (13).

In certain embodiments of the present invention, the root axle (3) is concentric with an inner axle of a crossbeam of the rotor and hinged with the axle sleeve (4), one end of the pull rod and jackstay (2) is hinged with an axle in the crossbeam of the rotor, and the other side thereof is hinged with a lower part of the pull rod and jackstay (2) and installed on the base (7).

In certain embodiments of the present invention, a pitch-changing lock of rotor (11) is disposed on sections of sliding keys at the bottom of the axle sleeve (4), a locking embedded key (9) is disposed in the bottom of the axle sleeve (4), a key slot segment (12) with increased diameter that is corresponding to the locking embedded key (9) is installed on the base (7), and locked up by a control system of the plectrum plate, slip rings and chute systems are disposed on the external cylindrical sections of the pitch-changing lock of rotor (11), the pitch-changing that can slide up and down is controlled by the control system of shifting fork or clamping-type shifting fork.

In certain embodiments of the present invention, the turbine (1) is fixed by a short shaft system, the turbine (1) on the sides of the rotor roots steers by a hydraulic system and is of functions of adjusting and impelling directions of the helicopter, the connection and control principle is the same as the following principle: under-parts between the two rotors (5) are the base of the hollow dead axle (7), and a rotary fuel delivery pipe (15), a protection pipe (10) are also passed through which to be interlinked with the axle sleeve (4), throttle wires, wires and the turbine (1) shall steer to the pulling wire of hydraulic valve or gas mixture pipe of the internal-combustion engine (1), throttle wire and etc shall be led to the underneath of the base, uncover the protection pipe (10) with key slot segment (12), wires are connected to a slip ring, and are conducted by a clamping-type shifting fork control or a pressure carbon brush, the rotary fuel delivery pipe (15) is connected with connector of rotary fuel delivery pipe (6), if the rotary fuel delivery pipe (15) is a rotary pipe of mixture gas, the carburetor is equipped therebelow to realize fuel transportation and functional control.

In certain embodiments of the present invention, steering of turbine (1) on the rotors or pitch-changing of propellers is driven by pressure of the fuel delivery pump and controlled by a hydraulic valve, the hydraulic tank is driven by pressure of the fuel delivery pump so as to enable the centrifugal-force-resistant propeller-fan or fan turbine (1) to control the propelling direction while the rotor (5) changes into a hovering state and to realize the pitch changing of propellers.

In certain embodiments of the present invention, the turbines (16) on both sides of the wings shield the rotor (5) purling via surfaces of the wings (14), the turbines (16) on both sides of the wings are staggered with air stream on a surface of the drive (1) of the rotor (5).

In certain embodiments of the present invention, the air stream on the wings (14) or fuselage drive (16) blows over the horizontal empennage and provides propelling or anti-propelling, steering and positioning so as to realize posture control and flying while rotors change into the hovering state.

In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, provided is a helicopter directly propelling rotors into a hovering state with drive, comprising a fuselage (13), a two-symmetrical-blade rotor (5), a pair of wings (14), a propel with clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) rotation functions, a two-stroke low-emission internal combustion engine, a plurality of throttle wires (35), a plurality of wires (34), a curling fuel delivery pipe (30), a root axle (3), a axle sleeve (4), a hollow dead axle (21) with a bearing, and a base (7), wherein the propel with CW and CCW rotation function and the two-stroke low-emission internal combustion engine are directly fixed beside the root of the rotor (5) directly drive the two-symmetrical-blade rotor (5), the throttle wires (35), the wires (34) and the curling fuel delivery pipe (30) pass through a crossbeam and are received in the root axle (3) of the rotor, the axle sleeve (4) is installed on the hollow dead axle (21) and hinged with the root axle (3), the base (7) is fixed on the back of a gravity center of the fuselage (13), pipelines are led to a underneath of the base and connected with a control system, and steering, positioning and propelling control are provided by a drive under the wings (14) or the fuselage (13).

In certain embodiments of the present invention, the internal combustion engine provides lean combustion for the stratification of two-stroke, a pair of one-way air valves (17) are disposed on a scavenging port (43) and an air passages (20) on both sides, a check valve of gas mixture (18) is disposed at the center of a long mid-way air passages (19) and in the vicinity of the one-way air valve (17), each air throttle of the one-way air valve (17) is coupled synchronously with that of the check valve of gas mixture (18) so as to shield a gas mixture with the air in a cylinder, and an air filter is installed outside of the unidirectional air valve.

In certain embodiments of the present invention, the leaked or residual fuel is directly transmitted to the inlet of air compressor or interval sections in front of the air compressor and the combustor after injection, so as to make it burned in the internal combustion engine along with the air.

In certain embodiments of the present invention, the fuel is directly injected into the cylinder of internal combustion engine, and small amount of fuel that leaked from coupled parts of the nozzle is led to a scavenging duct through the oil pipe.

In certain embodiments of the present invention, a stub wing (44) is fixed on a rotor head (47) directly.

In accordance with further embodiment of the invention, provided is a helicopter capable of propelling rotors directly, comprising a centrifugal-force-resistant turbine or an internal combustion engine (1), a rotor (5), a pair of symmetric stub wings (44), a rotor head (47), a automatic tripper (46) and a pitch-changing connecting rod (45), wherein the centrifugal-force-resistant turbine or the internal combustion engine (1) is fixed on the rotor (5) or the symmetric stub wings, the stub wings (44) are fixed on the rotor head (47) so as to enable the rotor (5), the automatic tripper (46) and the pitch-changing connecting rod (45) therebetween to operate altogether.

In certain embodiments of the present invention, a stub wing (44) is wrapped outside a root axle extending from the rotor (5), so that transmission of the automatic tripper (46) is transmitted to the rotor root axle (3) via the pitch-changing connecting rod (45).

In certain embodiments of the present invention, a stub wing (44) is supported by one end of the pull rod and jackstay (2), and the other end thereof is connected with an axle sleeve below the rotor head (47).

In certain embodiments of the present invention, the propeller equipped centrifugal-force-resistant internal combustion engine (1) is fixed on the side of the root axle (3) and hinged on the root axle (3) via one end of the pull rod and jackstay, and the other end thereof is hinged with the axle sleeve rotating along with the rotor (5).

In certain embodiments of the present invention, a hanging seat (49) in the cabin of the super-light helicopter (51) is disposed below the hollow dead axle (21) to realize accurate positioning in the air by transferring center of gravity through strength of hands and feet of the driver and passengers.

In certain embodiments of the present invention, the propeller equipped centrifugal-force-resistant internal combustion engine (1) is fixed on the side of the root axle (3) directly, and a working angle of the rotor (5) shall be controlled by a pitch-changing device so as to realize pneumatic control.

In certain embodiments of the present invention, a controllable positioning pin (53) is installed below a entirely rigid hanging seat (49), and is locked to a floor pin hole (48) of the super-light helicopter (51) after VTOL.

Characteristic of the helicopter directly propelling rotors to the hovering state with drive is adopting propel with CW and CCW rotation function, and two-stroke low-emission internal combustion engine directly fixed beside the roots of rotors in order to directly drive the two-symmetrical-blade rotor. Throttle wire, wire and curling fuel delivery pipe shall pass through the crossbeam to the root axle of rotors; the sleeves of rotors are installed on the hollow dead axle with bearing and hinged with the root axle of rotors; base of the hollow dead axle is fixed on the back of the fuselage's gravity center; the pipeline shall be led to the underneath of the base and connected with the control system; steering, positioning and propelling control shall be provided by drive under the wings or of the fuselage so as to constitute a helicopter which is of the functions of vertical take-off and landing as well as changing the rotor wing into the hovering state.

Characteristic of the helicopter directly propelling rotors to the hovering state with drive is fixing propeller equipped centrifugal-force-resistance turbine or internal combustion engine on the symmetric stub wings between rotors or the rotors. The stub wings is fixed on the rotor heads, making the rotors, automatic tripper and pitch-changing connecting rod between them work normally, or realizing accurate positioning in the air by means of the control method of shifting the center of gravity.

The above-mentioned structures are also applicable to helicopters having no empennage.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is the structure diagram of example 1 implemented by this invention, a helicopter which adopts turbine to propel rotors, and changing the rotor wing into the hovering state;

FIG. 2 is the structure diagram in which turbines of the helicopter are mounted on the rotors;

FIG. 3 is the structure diagram of shaft system connecting rotors and fuselage of the helicopter shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is the structure diagram of example 2 implemented by this invention, a helicopter which uses two-stroke internal combustion engine to propel rotors, and changing the rotor wing into the hovering state;

FIG. 5 is the structure diagram of the internal combustion engine's scavenging air system of this invention;

FIG. 6 is the structure diagram of example 3 implemented by this invention, a helicopter which is equipped with automatic tripper and directly propels rotors with drive;

FIG. 7 is the structure diagram of example 4 implemented by this invention, a super-light helicopter directly propelling rotors with drive by means of the control method shifting the center of gravity

In attached Figs.:

-   -   1. Drive;     -   2. Pull rod and jackstay;     -   3. Rotor root axle;     -   4. Axle sleeve;     -   5. Rotor;     -   6. Connector of rotary fuel delivery pipe;     -   7. Base of hollow dead axle;     -   8. Slip ring;     -   9. Locking embedded key;     -   10. Protection tube;     -   11. Pitch-changing lock of rotor;     -   12. Key slot segment;     -   13. Fuselage;     -   14. Wing;     -   15. Rotary fuel delivery pipe;     -   16. Turbine for fixed wings or fuselage drive;     -   17. One-way air valve;     -   18. Check valve of mixture gas;     -   19. Mid-way long air passage;     -   20. Air passages at both sides;     -   21. Hollow dead axle;     -   22. Connector of rotary fuel delivery pipe;     -   23. Elastic plectrum plate;     -   24. Shifting fork of pitch-changing lock;     -   25. Electric slip ring;     -   26. Electric carbon brush;     -   27. Shifting fork of pulling wire;     -   28. Slip ring seat;     -   29. Chute;     -   30. Curling fuel delivery pipe;     -   31. Pulling wire of hydraulic valve;     -   32. Residual fuel tank;     -   33. Hydraulic valve;     -   34. Wire;     -   35. Throttle wire;     -   36. Hollow short dead axle;     -   37. Hollow short shaft;     -   38. Hydraulic gear rack;     -   39. Steering gear;     -   40. Residual fuel pipe;     -   41. Fuel delivery tap;     -   42. Turn;     -   43. Scavenging-air duct;     -   44. Stub wing;     -   45. Pitch-changing connecting rod;     -   46. Automatic tripper;     -   47. Rotor head;     -   48. Pin hole;     -   49. Hanging seat;     -   50. Helicopter with automatic tripper;     -   51. Super-light helicopter;     -   52. Pitch-changing device;     -   53. Positioning pin.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Combined with accompanying figures., the following is more detailed explanation of the structure a kind of helicopter of changing the rotor wing into a hovering state of this invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the invention adopts the turbine 1 as drive device to reach the purpose of changing the rotor wing into the hovering state. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the turbine 1 is installed on the hollow short shaft 37, which is mounted in the hollow short dead axle 36; the steering gear 39 is fixed under the hollow short shaft 37 and coordinates with the hydraulic gear rack 38 to realize steering after changing the rotor wing into the hovering state. Throttle wire 35, wire 34 and curling fuel delivery pipe 30 are threaded through the central hole of the steering gear 39 and ends of them is connected to the turbine. The other end of wire 34 is connected to the cab through the slip ring 25 and carbon brush, while the throttle wire 35, passing through slip ring seat 28, is connected to the cab by shifting fork of pulling wire 27. The other end of the fuel delivery pipe 30 is connected with connector of rotary fuel delivery pipe 22. The residual fuel drained during steering disembogues into the residual fuel tank 32 through residual fuel pipe 40 and then is discharged when the helicopter is landed. The rotor root axle 3 is hinged with axle sleeve 4 on the sleeve's top. Inner shaft of rotor beam is hinged with pull rod and jackstay 2, which is hinged with the axle sleeve 4 at lower part of the sleeve.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, the axle sleeve 4 is installed on the hollow dead axle 21 with bearing in it and is fixed on the back of the fuselage's gravity center with the base of hollow dead axle 7. The protection tube 10 of rotary fuel delivery pipe 15 is fixed on the top of axle sleeve 4. Wall of the protection tube is embedded with the throttle wire 35, wire 34 and pulling wire of hydraulic valve 31, which are together led to the underneath of the base of hollow dead axle 7 through the hollow dead axle 21. Exposed part of the protection tube 10 is set with electric carbon brush 26, which overlaps the slip ring 8, which is connected with the wire 34, throttle wire 35 and pulling wire of hydraulic valve 31. Sling ring seat 28 under the slip ring 8 can slide in the chute 29 and can be controlled by clamping type shifting fork of pulling wire 27. The rotary fuel delivery pipe or heavy mixture gas pipe 15 is under the protection tube 10 and connected with the connector of rotary fuel delivery pipe 20. There are helical circling and curling fuel delivery pipes 30 in the rotors and short shafts. The invention adopts the propelling; CCW propelling and outward pushing functions of the turbine 16 under wings to achieve positioning, steering, moving transversely and forward. Set on upper end of the base of hollow dead axle, the key slot segment 12 corresponds with the locking embedded key 9 in the bottom of pitch-changing lock of rotor 11, which encases the key slot segment 12 at bottom of the axle sleeve. Operation on the locking embedded key 9 is realized by the shifting fork of pitch-changing lock 24 controlling the elastic plectrum plate 23.

The implementation example shown in FIG. 1-FIG. 3 is the helicopter structure diagram of this invention, utilizing turbine 1 as the drive device to propel rotors, and changing the rotor wing into the hovering state. The invention also can adopt two-stroke low-emission internal combustion engine with CW and CCW rotation function as the drive device.

FIG. 4 is the helicopter structure diagram of this invention adopting two-stroke low-emission internal combustion engine to propel rotors, and changing the rotor wing into the hovering state.

In order to make the two-stroke low-emission internal combustion engine more applicable to the helicopter of changing the rotor wing into the hovering state, the inventor has made the following improvements on the two-stroke low-emission internal combustion engine. As shown in FIG. 5, the scavenging-air duct 43 and air passages at both sides 20 of the two-stroke low-emission internal combustion engine are respectively installed with one one-way air valve 17; check valve of mixture gas 18 is installed at middle-upper part of the mid-way long air passage 19 and at position near to the one-way air valve 17. Throttles of all one-way inlet valves 17 are controlled simultaneously with those of check valves of mixture gas 18. During ventilation, fresh air pushes air with engine oil or the mixture gas in the air passage 20 into pump air chamber, while in the process of scavenging, air near to the scavenging-air duct 43 is given the priority and followed by air with little amount of engine oil or mixture gas; thereby escape of air with engine oil or mixture gas is prevented. In this way, during scavenging, air will shield the mixture gas, which will then form into an approximately ideal mixing state and realize lean combustion.

Additionally, during installation, the to-and-fro movement direction of the piston of the two-stroke low-emission internal combustion engine shall be parallel to the direction of the centrifugal force. Air filter can be mounted outside the one-way inlet valve.

Design principle of this invention is that centrifugal-force-resistant propeller-fan or fan turbine is fixed on the hollow short shaft installed inside the hollow short dead axle; the leakage or little amount of residual fuel of fuel-spraying system of the propeller-fan or fan turbine is led into air compressor and then to the area between burners; the base of dead axle is fixed tightly on the beam beside rotor roots and kept a certain distance from the roots; the fuel delivery pipe of turbine curls and circles many circuits inside the hollow short shaft; the fuel delivery pipe, throttle wire and wire all pass through the central hole of the gear fixed under the hollow short shaft and are led to the rotors; with the coordination between gear and gear rack, turbine steering during changing the rotor wing into the hovering state can be realized depending on hydraulic drive. Fuel delivery pipe from the rotor roots also shall adopt helical circling and curling method to avoid damage during pitch changing of rotors; branch joint of fuel delivery pipe is provided and connected to the turbine and hydraulic steering, which is controlled by valve; the residual fuel drained is disembogued into the residual fuel tank and then discharged after the helicopter is landed. On the sides of roots of two-symmetrical-blade rotor, two clockwise turbines are installed respectively on each rotor; the fuel delivery pipe, steering valve, throttle wire and wire are led along the beam and to the sleeve of rotor root axle, and then together penetrate through the hollow dead axle with the protection tube positioning interlinked with the axle sleeve to the underneath of base; the protection tube is interlinked with the axle sleeve. Rotor root axle is concentric with the axle inside rotor beam; the rotor root axle is hinged with the upper end of the axle sleeve; pull rod and jackstay is hinged with the axle inside rotor beam, which shall be concentric with the rotor root axle; the other end of the pull rod and jackstay is hinged with the lower end of the axle sleeve, which is installed on the hollow dead axle, whose base is fixed tightly on the back of the fuselage's gravity center. The root of the base of dead axle is provided with the key slot segment with increased diameter, whose corresponding position is the bottom of the rotors' pitch-changing lock installed at the bottom of axle sleeve; there is embedded key inside and locking of the embedded key is controlled by the elastic plectrum plate. The pitch-changing lock of rotor can slide up and down on the sleeve segment; there is slip ring on the external cylindrical section of it, controlled by clamping type shifting fork; exposed protection tube at lower part of the base of hollow dead axle is equipped with the slip ring connected with wire and overlapped by the carbon brush. Moving slip ring is installed in the key slot segment of protection tube and connected with the throttle wire or pulling wire of the steering valve of turbine. One pair or two pairs of servo rotor blades without drive is installed between two rotors with drive; thereby performance of aerodynamic lift is ensured.

In case of application of two-stroke CW and CCW rotating internal combustion and propeller to propel rotors, the propeller shall be capable of rotating CW and CCW; the internal combustion is fixed on rotors; the to-and-fro movement direction of the piston shall be parallel to the direction of the centrifugal force. Air filter can be mounted outside the one-way inlet valve. The one-way inlet valve is set at the scavenging-air duct, making the direct-injection internal combustion engine in the tank capable of making the sucked air push the air with engine oil from pipe into the pump air chamber; in the process of scavenging, air near to the scavenging-air duct is given the priority and followed by air with little amount of engine oil, thereby escape of mixture gas with engine oil is prevented; drive of spraying fuel in the tank can lead the little amount of fuel leaked at coupled parts of nozzle with fuel pipe to the scavenging-air pipe; idle speed can adopt the method of stopping fuel spraying of parts of tanks; electromagnetic igniter and propellers on rotors are capable of rotating CW and CCW. Pitch-changing propeller is driven by pressure of fuel delivery pump and the pitch changing is realized by valve control; all wires and pipes shall pass through the hollow dead axle; there is protection tube covering the fuel pipe; all control wires are embedded in the wall of protection tube and led to the underneath of base. In case of the carburetor-type two-stroke CW and CCW rotating internal combustion engine fixed on the rotors, the one-way inlet valve is also installed at the scavenging-air duct; the check valve of mixture gas is installed at middle-upper part of the mid-way long scavenging-air pipe and near to the side of one-way air valve; throttles of all one-way inlet valves 17 are controlled simultaneously with those of mid-way heavy mixture gas. With the utilization of shielding method, there will be no mixture gas escape during scavenging and the lean combustion will be realized. Thicker pipe for heavy mixture gas, protection tube and control wire also pass through the hollow dead axle with its base connected with the rotary connector of carburetor; rotary branch joints of mixture gas is set at rotor root axle and respectively led to the internal combustion engines in the two rotors.

The hollow dead axle of above-mentioned lift system shall be installed on the back of the fuselage's gravity center; turbines under main wings at both sides are capable of CCW propelling and outward pushing; propellers of piston and turbine shall have the function of positive and negative pitch changing. Airflow will pass horizontal empennage and provide steering and positioning after the helicopter takes off. In case of turbine drive, after take-off, the drive will control direction and take-off, while the helicopter will fly forward until its wings have drive; then the centrifugal-force-resistant propeller-fan or fan turbine shall be throttled down; when rotation is very slow, the rotors are locked aslant; CCW propeller-fan or fan turbine will draw the hydraulic valve at near angle and CW propeller-fan or fan turbine will draw the hydraulic valve too, then both will rotate at a small angle; at the same time, the pitch changing of rotors is propelled to zero position. The engine shall be throttled up after all are propelling CW and straight, making tilted hovering wing and subsonic airplane comprise compose a subsonic helicopter. During vertical landing, height shall be maintained firstly and the velocity shall be reduced lower; propeller-fan or fan turbine on rotors are throttled down, CCW propeller-fan or fan turbine shall be rotated to the original position and the locking embedded key shall be released; the CW propeller-fan or fan turbine shall be back to the original position either and shall be throttled up; when the rotating speed of rotors is relatively high, the pitch-changing device shall be lifted and the safe landing then can be achieved by the turbines with CCW and outward pushing function under the wings at both sides of the helicopter coordinating to position. At the place where there is a runway, the mode of locking rotors being horizontal or tilted shall be adopted and the helicopter can directly take off/land through running. In case of the CW and CCW internal combustion engine driving rotors, traditional pull weight ratio can make the helicopter take off by drive lift system with propellers and positioning, steering and propelling are realized by drive-controlled propellers under wings through positive and negative pitch changing. During vertical take-off, when the lift obtained by the wings reaches a certain degree, fuel supply for the internal combustion engines on rotors are cut off; at this time, the helicopter is propelled only by drive from wings; locking shall be done when the rotors rotate very lowly, and the rotor pitch changing shall be pushed to the zero position, making rotors transversely set on the fuselage; then they shall be throttled up, making the windmill-like propellers immediately generate propelling drive and the work will be done positively and negatively. In the process of vertical landing, the drive on rotors are throttled down, and throttle of CCW drive shall be closed; it shall be throttled up after the locking is released; when rotors are propelled to rotate at a low velocity by CW drive and the CCW drive is turned to CW rotate from CCW rotate under the effect of airflow, two drives on rotors are throttled up, and the rotor pitch changing shall be lifted, realizing helicopter's landing. If one drive device on rotors is in trouble in the air, the vertical landing can realized with the single drive on the rotor by controlling the CW propeller with propeller pitch-changing valve and utilizing the ground effect; the landing also can be realized by changing into the hovering state and gliding.

Propelling drive of rotors and that of the fixed wings are stratified. The comprehensive performance is better when diameter of the rotor is about 40% larger than the wingspan of wings. For rotors adopting the internal combustion engine as propelling drive, one to more internal combustion engines are available for each blade to together drive a set of propellers which can rotate CW and CCW. No matter how the propelling drive of the fuselage or fixed wings is installed, the airflow must be led to blow over the horizontal empennage to control the flying attitude. Turbines at both sides of the helicopter shall utilize the wing surface to obstruct the rotor purling and they shall be staggered with the airflow plane of rotor drive. Overlap of small part is acceptable between the airflow plane of propellers at both sides of the fuselage and that of propellers on rotors.

Because of above-mentioned technological scheme, this invention adopts turbine fan or propeller fan as drive and the pull rod and jackstay to reduce the rotor area load, making it not increase the weight proportion of rotor along with the increase of take-off weight; the invention also allocates drives reasonably, avoids aerodynamic drag loss on rotors from heat dissipation of pressure hot airflow, corner flow and fuselage, and maintains the traditional aerodynamic configuration of airplane as well.

While using piston two-stroke internal combustion engine that can rotate CW and CCW as drive source, one or more set(s) of internal combustion engine(s) could be applied on each blade to drive one set of the propeller commonly, and the propellers could operate CW and CCW. Under the premise of power to weight ratio maintaining, air filter and muffler could be installed; and which is capable of lean combustion; the thermal load is thereby reduced. Furthermore, scavenging short circuit issue is solved by improving position of one-way inlet valve; by installing equipped propeller on the rotor, variable weight of the rotor changing into the hovering state helicopter could reach ⅓, and the continuously rotated rotor could be driven directly to give rise to single rotor helicopter that is of low price and is practical with variable weight of 50%.

Single axial way of hollow dead axle, axle sleeve and servo protection pipe as well as tilt-rotor helicopter with higher stability than that of the two rotors are adopted in this invention; the pipelines of drive are passed through the axle to transport fuel and control the drive; excluding the tripper, tail transmission and tail propeller of the traditional helicopter, the service life and comfort level are doubled naturally, and the operating cost could also be reduced by times; both the super-light ones and the super-heavy ones are applicable for industrial manufacturing; lateral air stream on the rotors is of vortex ring resistance functions; thereby, it realizes the objective of being safe, economic, practical, convenient and highly efficient.

In respect that there is no automatic tripper and the tilting of helicopter could not be controlled by means of gravity center shifting in helicopters that propel rotors directly by drive published in complementation examples I and II above, problems such as weak side-wind resistance performance, accurate positioning in the air difficulties are easy to arise on helicopters that propel rotors directly by drive.

As shown in FIG. 6, in this invention, the propeller equipped centrifugal-force-resistant turbine or internal combustion engine 1 is fixed on the symmetric stub wings 44 between the rotor 5; stub wings 44 are fixed on rotor head 47 so as to realize the joint normal working of rotors 5 and automatic tripper 46; stub wing 44 could also be wrapped outside the extended symmetric rotor root axle 3 of the symmetric rotor 5 (as shown in FIG. 7), head of which shall apply formation sealing made of elastic material to seal up the ventilation place around the rotor root axle so as to reduce pneumatic resistance. There is an opening at the pull rod 45, which could transfer the transmission of automatic tripper 46 to the rotor root axle 3 through pitch-changing connecting rod 45 to work normally. Driving devices such as turbine and internal combustion engine used by this kind of helicopter that having automatic tripper 50 shall be equipped with lubricant tank. While the drive is working, it will provide engine pump of the turbine or internal combustion engine with lubricant; lubricant tank could be installed in the stub wing 44 or the rotor root axle 3 of the rotor 5.

As shown in FIG. 7, in this invention, the propeller equipped centrifugal-force-resistant internal combustion engine 1 is fixed on the sides of the rotor 5 root axle 3 on the super-light helicopter 51, and is equipped with pull rod and jackstay 2, one end of which is hinged with the rotor root axle 3 and the other end of which is hinged with the axle sleeve 4 that rotate along with the rotor 5. Working angle of the rotor 5 shall be controlled by pitch-changing device 52. In the cabin of the super-light helicopter 51 is the entire hanging seat 49 that hoisted under the hollow dead axle. While VTOL, accurate positioning in the air shall be realized by shifting center of gravity by strength of the driver and passengers' hands and feet. Controllable positioning pin 53 and pin holes 48 are installed under the entirely rigid hanging seat. While the flying posture could be controlled by the tail wings after VTOL, block the positioning pin 53 on the floor of the super-light helicopter 51.

Design principle of realizing control and accurate positioning in the air in the implementation examples of III and □ in this invention is: centrifugal-force-resistant propeller-fan, fan turbine or propeller of the internal combustion engine shall be fixed on the stub wing, which shall be fixed on the rotor head; fuel delivery pipe of the drive, mixture gas pipe, throttle wire and etc shall be led from the stub wing to the rotor head along the inner hollow dead axle to the underneath of the base and shall act in concert with the control devices. Automatic tripper is installed outside of the hollow dead axle, and which shall act in concert with pitch-changing rod on the rotor roots. Stub wing is supported by one side of the pull rod and jackstay, the other side of which is connected with axle sleeve that moving along with the rotors. Under the premise of dynamic balance maintaining, rotor blades are arranged in two-blade symmetric or multi-blade symmetric way evenly. Stub wing could also be fixed directly on the rotor head without using pull rod and jackstay and servo-axle sleeve.

Furthermore, rotor could also be wrapped outside the extended symmetric rotor root axles, leaving certain swinging space for rotor root axle. Seal up the ventilation places around the root axle. Opening on stub wing of the pitch-changing connecting rod shall also adopt seal of elastic material to seal up the ventilation places between the stub wing and pitch-changing connecting rod to reduce the pneumatic resistance and transfer the transmission of automatic tripper to the rotor root axle through pitch-changing connecting rod. Drive that sprayed in the tank of rotor or stub wing is equipped with lubricant tank; while the drive is working, it will provide engine pump of the drive with lubricant; lubricant tank could be installed in the stub wing or internal hollow cavity of the rotor root axle.

For the super-light helicopter, propeller equipped centrifugal-force-resistant internal combustion engine could also be fixed on the sides of the rotor root axle and shall be equipped with pull rod and jackstay, one end of which shall be hinged on the rotor root axle and the other end of which shall be hinged with the axle sleeve that rotate along with the rotor. Working angle of the rotor shall be controlled by pitch-changing device. While applying control method of gravity center shifting, accurate positioning in the air shall be realized by the driver and passengers' entire hanging seat. Seat back of beside the driver could be laid down for patients to lay; Turn that are hoisted under the hollow dead axle are installed on the top of the hanging seat; Controllable positioning pin and pin hole are installed under the entirely rigid hanging seat. While the flying posture could be controlled by the tail wings after VTOL, block the pin on the floor of the super-light helicopter and open it while taking off or landing; swing the hanging seat by strength of hands and feet and shift the center of gravity to make the rotor tilt together with the fuselage so as to realize accurate positioning in the air. The structure above is also applicable to helicopter having no empennages.

Owing to the adoption of the technological scheme above, weight and power consumption of both the speed reducer and the tail drive and tail propeller are saved by using turbine fan, propeller fan or propeller equipped internal combustion engine as drive in this invention to propel the rotor head. Comparing helicopter with automatic tripper and moveable super-light center of gravity that takes propeller equipped internal combustion engine as drive with ordinary helicopter of the same carrying ability, the fuel saved by each of which is ¼ and ⅓ respectively; Empty weight of the helicopter will reduce by 10% and approximately 20% respectively; and which could take off and land to fuel at the gas stations that could be found everywhere at will; actual operation cost could be reduced by about a half. The super-light helicopter can prevent the driver or other people from inbreathing waste gas emitted by internal combustion engine. Forming a new system of helicopter that propels rotor directly by drive and helicopter that propels rotor into the hovering state in order to satisfy people's requirements; moreover, both the super-light and the heavy types are adequate for industrial manufacturing.

While particular embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention in its broader aspects, and therefore, the aim in the appended claims is to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. 

1. A helicopter that can directly propel rotors into the hovering state with drive, comprising: a fuselage (13); a rotor (5) with a pull rod and jackstay (2); a turbine (1); a pair of wings (14); a hollow short shaft (37); a hollow short dead axle (36) with a bearing and a base (7); a plurality of throttle lines (35); a plurality of wires (34); a fuel delivery pipe (30); a hydraulic system; a axle sleeve (4); and a root axle (3); wherein the centrifugal-force-resistant turbine (1) directly drives the two-symmetrical-blade rotor (5); the turbine (1) is installed on the hollow short shaft (37); the hollow short shaft (37) is installed inside the hollow short dead axle (36); the hollow short dead axle (36) is fixed beside a root of the rotor (5); the hydraulic system controls a propelling direction of the turbine; the throttle lines (35), the wires (34) and the fuel delivery pipe (30) pass through the hollow short shaft (37) and are received in a crossbeam of the rotor; the axle sleeve (4) of the rotor is installed on the hollow dead axle (36), and hinged with the root axle (3) and the pull rod and jackstay (2); the base (7) is fixed on the back of a gravity center of the fuselage (13); pipelines are led to a underneath of the base and connected with a control system; and steering, outward pushing, positioning and propelling control is provided by a drive under the wings (14) or the fuselage (13).
 2. The helicopter of claim 1, wherein the root axle (3) is concentric with an inner axle of a crossbeam of the rotor and hinged with the axle sleeve (4); one end of the pull rod and jackstay (2) is hinged with an axle in the crossbeam of the rotor, and the other side thereof is hinged with a lower part of the pull rod and jackstay (2) and installed on the base (7).
 3. The helicopter of claim 2, wherein a pitch-changing lock of rotor (11) is disposed on sections of sliding keys at the bottom of the axle sleeve (4); a locking embedded key (9) is disposed in the bottom of the axle sleeve (4); a key slot segment (12) with increased diameter that is corresponding to the locking embedded key (9) is installed on the base (7), and locked up by a control system of the plectrum plate; slip rings and chute systems are disposed on the external cylindrical sections of the pitch-changing lock of rotor (11); the pitch-changing that can slide up and down is controlled by the control system of shifting fork or clamping-type shifting fork.
 4. The helicopter of claim 1, wherein the turbine (1) is fixed by a short shaft system; the turbine (1) on the sides of the rotor roots steers by a hydraulic system and is of functions of adjusting and impelling directions of the helicopter; the connection and control principle is the same as the following principle: under parts between the two rotors (5) are the base of the hollow dead axle (7), and a rotary fuel delivery pipe (15), a protection pipe (10) are also passed through which to be interlinked with the axle sleeve (4); throttle wires, wires and the turbine (1) shall steer to the pulling wire of hydraulic valve or gas mixture pipe of the internal-combustion engine (1), throttle wire and etc shall be led to the underneath of the base; uncover the protection pipe (10) with key slot segment (12); wires are connected to a slip ring, and are conducted by a clamping-type shifting fork control or a pressure carbon brush; the rotary fuel delivery pipe (15) is connected with connector of rotary fuel delivery pipe (6); if the rotary fuel delivery pipe (15) is a rotary pipe of mixture gas, the carburetor is equipped therebelow to realize fuel transportation and functional control.
 5. The helicopter of claim 4, wherein steering of turbine (1) on the rotors or pitch-changing of propellers is driven by pressure of the fuel delivery pump and controlled by a hydraulic valve; the hydraulic tank is driven by pressure of the fuel delivery pump so as to enable the centrifugal-force-resistant propeller-fan or fan turbine (1) to control the propelling direction while the rotor (5) changes into a hovering state and to realize the pitch changing of propellers.
 6. The helicopter of claim 5, wherein the turbines (16) on both sides of the wings shield the rotor (5) purling via surfaces of the wings (14); the turbines (16) on both sides of the wings are staggered with air stream on a surface of the drive (1) of the rotor (5).
 7. The helicopter of claim 6, wherein the air stream on the wings (14) or fuselage drive (16) blows over the horizontal empennage and provides propelling or anti-propelling, steering and positioning so as to realize posture control and flying while rotors change into the hovering state.
 8. A helicopter directly propelling rotors into a hovering state with drive, comprising: a fuselage (13); a two-symmetrical-blade rotor (5); a pair of wings (14); a propel with clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) rotation functions; a two-stroke low-emission internal combustion engine; a plurality of throttle wires (35); a plurality of wires (34); a curling fuel delivery pipe (30); a root axle (3); a axle sleeve (4); a hollow dead axle (21) with a bearing; and a base (7); wherein the propel with CW and CCW rotation function and the two-stroke low-emission internal combustion engine are directly fixed beside the root of the rotor (5) directly drive the two-symmetrical-blade rotor (5); the throttle wires (35), the wires (34) and the curling fuel delivery pipe (30) pass through a crossbeam and are received in the root axle (3) of the rotor; the axle sleeve (4) is installed on the hollow dead axle (21) and hinged with the root axle (3); the base (7) is fixed on the back of a gravity center of the fuselage (13); pipelines are led to a underneath of the base and connected with a control system; steering, positioning and propelling control are provided by a drive under the wings (14) or the fuselage (13).
 9. The helicopter of claim 8, wherein the internal combustion engine provides lean combustion for the stratification of two-stroke; a pair of one-way air valves (17) are disposed on a scavenging port (43) and an air passages (20) on both sides; a check valve of gas mixture (18) is disposed at the center of a long mid-way air passages (19) and in the vicinity of the one-way air valve (17); each air throttle of the one-way air valve (17) is coupled synchronously with that of the check valve of gas mixture (18) so as to shield a gas mixture with the air in a cylinder; and an air filter is installed outside of the unidirectional air valve.
 10. The helicopter of claim 9, wherein the leaked or residual fuel is directly transmitted to the inlet of air compressor or interval sections in front of the air compressor and the combustor after injection, so as to make it burned in the internal combustion engine along with the air.
 11. The helicopter of claim 9, wherein the fuel is directly injected into the cylinder of internal combustion engine; and small amount of fuel that leaked from coupled parts of the nozzle is led to a scavenging duct through the oil pipe.
 12. The helicopter of claim 8, wherein the fuel is directly injected into the cylinder of internal combustion engine; and small amount of fuel that leaked from coupled parts of the nozzle is led to a scavenging duct through the oil pipe.
 13. The helicopter of claim 8, wherein a stub wing (44) is fixed on a rotor head (47) directly.
 14. A helicopter capable of propelling rotors directly, comprising: a centrifugal-force-resistant turbine or an internal combustion engine (1); a rotor (5); a pair of symmetric stub wings (44); a rotor head (47); a automatic tripper (46); and a pitch-changing connecting rod (45); wherein the centrifugal-force-resistant turbine or the internal combustion engine (1) is fixed on the rotor (5) or the symmetric stub wings; the stub wings (44) are fixed on the rotor head (47) so as to enable the rotor (5), the automatic tripper (46) and the pitch-changing connecting rod (45) there between to operate altogether.
 15. The helicopter of claim 14, wherein a stub wing (44) is wrapped outside a root axle extending from the rotor (5), so that transmission of the automatic tripper (46) is transmitted to the rotor root axle (3) via the pitch-changing connecting rod (45).
 16. The helicopter of claim 14, wherein a stub wing (44) is supported by one end of the pull rod and jackstay (2), and the other end thereof is connected with an axle sleeve below the rotor head (47).
 17. The helicopter of claim 14, wherein the propeller equipped centrifugal-force-resistant internal combustion engine (1) is fixed on the side of the root axle (3) and hinged on the root axle (3) via one end of the pull rod and jackstay, and the other end thereof is hinged with the axle sleeve rotating along with the rotor (5).
 18. The helicopter of claim 17, wherein a hanging seat (49) in the cabin of the super-light helicopter (51) is disposed below the hollow dead axle (21) to realize accurate positioning in the air by transferring center of gravity through strength of hands and feet of the driver and passengers.
 19. The helicopter of claim 18, wherein the propeller equipped centrifugal-force-resistant internal combustion engine (1) is fixed on the side of the root axle (3) directly; and a working angle of the rotor (5) shall be controlled by a pitch-changing device so as to realize pneumatic control.
 20. The helicopter of claim 19, wherein a controllable positioning pin (53) is installed below a entirely rigid hanging seat (49); and is locked to a floor pin hole (48) of the super-light helicopter (51) after VTOL. 